The Free Market and European Union Law - Free Essay Example

European Union (EU) legislation and the case law of the Court of justice (CJEU) attempt to ensure the free movement of goods within the internal market. In order to assess how well it ensures the free movement of goods, it is first necessary to identify what is meant by an internal market within the EU. Moreover, it is essential to ascertain how Treaty Articles, as well as, case law, regulate the EU as a customs union, since sometimes charges on imports and exports, within the internal market, may introduce restrictions to the free movement of goods. Finally, it is indispensable to pinpoint, how Treaty Articles and case law from the CJEU regulate quantitative restrictions on the free movement of goods within the union, due to the fact that quotas or even complete bans are restrictions to the free movement of goods. WHAT IS AN INTERNAL MARKET It is stated in Article 3(3) of the Treaty on the European Union (TEU) that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the union shall establish an internal marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The internal market is defined under Article 26(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).[1] Using a purposive approach to interpret this Treaty Article, it can be deduced that its aim is to achieve the free circulation of goods without the imposition of any restrictions within the Union. HOW TREATIES AND CASE LAW REGULATE THE EU CUSTOMS UNION à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It can be understood from Articles 26 and 28-32 of the TFEU that a customs union exists within the EU. This is because the EU has a common external ta riff, in addition to a free trade area.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] Article 30 TFEU restricts MS from imposing any custom duties on imports and exports, and any charges having an equivalent effect (CHEE). It also states that it covers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all trade in goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [3]The CJEU added clarity to the Treaty Article by providing a definition for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . They were defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“products with monetary value and which are capable of forming the subject of commercial transactions.[4] A customs duty is comprised of two defining elements. To begin with, it is a pecuniary charge. Secondly, it is imposed on goods as a consequence of them crossing a border. It must be mentioned that custom duties can never be justified, due to the fact that they are a clear violation of Article 30. The prohibition of custom duties is a clear example of the EU ensuring the free movement of goods by using legislation in collaboration with case law from the CJEU. It has been provided by the CJEU that a duty may be classed as a CHEE, provided that it meets certain criteria: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(a) it must be enforced unilaterally at the time of importation (b) it must be imposed only on a specific product which is imported from other MS whilst excluding such duties on similar domestic products; and (c) it must have the consequence of altering the price of the product.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] These criteria were further developed by the CJEU to include à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“any pecuniary charge, however smallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[6] Thus, it can be construed that there is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no de minimis principle in relation to the Treaty articles relating to the free movement of goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[7] Consequently, it can be argued that the EU safeguards the free movement of goods to a great extent, by restricting even the smallest CHEE. The CJEU has established its own set of rules on when charges can be made lawfully for services performed. An exam ple of such rules derived from rulings of the CJEU, was the one established in the case of Bresciani, where the rule that veterinary checks and charges implemented as a service are acceptable, was established. [8] Hence, the EU provides MS with some flexibility on when charges are justifiable, providing their primary motive is not the restriction of free movement of goods. The TFEU provides guidelines for taxes being placed on goods originating from other MS. The CJEU established that Article 90 EC (now 110 of the TFEU) was to have direct effect, and is an essential foundation of the Common Market. [9] Article 110 does not prohibit MS from imposing national taxation, however, it prohibits taxation that is deemed to discriminate between national products and imported products from other MS, either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, Article 110 prohibits MS from imposing internal taxations on imports in order to indirectly protect other products.[10] Further clarity to Article 11 0 was provided by the CJEU in Commission v France (Reprographic Machines), where the court provided a definition for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“taxationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It was defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a general system of internal dues applied systematically and in accordance with the same criteria to domestic products and imported products alikeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [11] This is a clear example of how EU legislation and the CJEU ensure the free movement of goods. As abovementioned, Article 110 covers both direct and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination is where nationally produced goods and imported goods, of a similar nature, are deliberately treated differently. Whereas indirect discrimination, ostensibly treats domestic and imported goods in the same way, however, the result is that imports are, in actual fact, disadvantaged. An example where the CJEU outlawed indirect discrimination was in the case of Humbolt v Directeur des Services Fiscaux.[12] In this case, the French system o f annual vehicle taxation, charged cars with lower power ratings with a lower tax than those with higher power ratings. Since France did not produce higher power rating cars, the French taxation methods were deemed to be a type of indirect discrimination. By catching both types of discrimination, this indicates that the EU ensures the free movement of goods by providing a wide scope for Article 110. It could be argued that, if Article 110 also prohibited MS from imposing national taxation, it would resolve all issues with regard to discriminatory taxation. However, MS are not willing to give up their sovereignty, thus, harmonization of internal taxations may actually be impossible. HOW TREATY ARTICLES AND CASE LAW REGULATE QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS WITHIN THE INTERNAL MARKET Barriers to trade that do not involve direct payments of money, are referred to as quantitative restrictions. Articles 34-35 of the TFEU restrict MS from imposing quantitative restrictions on imports an d exports respectively. They also restrict MS from applying any measures having an equivalent effect (MHEE) on imports or exports. However, since restricting the free movement of exports is not a common occurrence, this essay will focus on Article 34 which regulates restrictions on imports. When it comes to identifying the scope of Article 34 of the TFEU, the CJEU has determined that it is directly effective, but only vertically against measures adopted by the state.[13] In some instances, the CJEU may be prepared to find that it also applies to private bodies where there is a substantial degree of state involvement or funding. This was certainly the case in Commission v Ireland (Buy Irish).[14] A campaign promoting domestically produced goods administered by the Irish Goods Council, but heavily subsidised by the government, was held to fall within the scope of Article 34 of the TFEU. This exemplifies the extent of Article 34, illustrating that the EU strives to achieve free move ment of goods in both public and private sectors of an economy. Similar to custom duties, quantitative restrictions are easy to identify. The CJEU clarified Article 34 of the TFEU by defining the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“quantitative restrictionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“measures that amount to a total or partial restraint of imports, exports or goods in transità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[15] Thus, illustrating that Articles 34 and 35 cover not only complete bans, but also quotas, showing that the EU attempts to ensure, not just partial, but complete free movement of goods. Measures having equivalent effect (MHEE) are harder to identify. However, clarifications are provided by secondary legislation and the jurisprudence of the CJEU. In the case of Dassonvile, the CJEU defined MHEE as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all trading rules enacted by Member States which are capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, intra-Community trade.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [16] This definition is exceedingly wide in scope, meaning that any measure which is capable of hindering imports or exports in any way will be caught by Article 34 or 35 of the TFEU. Tim Connor characterizes this definition as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a potential weapon of mass destructionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[17] This is because there existed an accumulating trend of persons involved in trade, calling upon Article 34 of the TFEU to challenge any rules which interfered with their commercial freedom.[18] Directive 70/50, even though now has expired, contains useful guidance on the scope of MHEE. The Directive recognises two classifications of MHEE. First under Article 2, it makes reference to measures which apply differently to domestic and imported goods. These measures are referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“distinctly applicable measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  due to the distinction made between domestically produced goods and imports. Secondly, under Article 3 the directive makes reference to measures that make no distinction be tween imported and domestic products. These measures are referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“indistinctly applicable measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and may sometimes fall within the scope of Articles 34 and 35 of the TFEU. [19] The CJEU added the fundamental principle of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mutual recognitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to the free movement of goods in the case of Cassis de Dijon.[20] This principle provides that goods that are lawfully produced and marketed in one MS, should face no restrictions when being introduced into another MS. This is an example of the CJEU and its jurisprudence ensuring the free movement of goods within the internal market. EXCEPTIONS TO PROHIBITIONS OF QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS AND MHEE Article 36 of the TFEU provides certain criteria where applying directly discriminatory quantitative restrictions may be acceptable. Such criteria include à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“public morality, public policy or public security; the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants; the protection of national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value; or the protection of industrial and commercial propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[21] However, Article 36 goes further and states that the aforementioned justifications are subject to limitations. It states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [22] Therefore, once again illustrating that even though MS are given certain leeway, the EU imposes restrictions to the derogations in order to ensure the free movement of goods. The aforementioned assumption of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mutual recognitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  will sometimes be set aside if the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rule of reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  applies. It is provided by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rule of reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that barriers to trade resulting from product marketing provisions, that differ from those which apply in another MS, may be permissible so long as they satisfy one of the mandatory requirements. Mandatory requirements were listed in Cassis de Dijon by the CJEU as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the effectiveness of fiscal supervision, the protection of public health, the fairness of consumer transaction and the defence of the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[23] On the other hand, this is a non-exhaustive list. The CJEU is prepared to accept other measures and interests which deserve protection being classed as mandatory requirements. An example of an additional measure which was accepted, was environmental grounds in the case of Commission v Denmark (Disposable Beer Cans).[24] It could be argued here, that this additional measure places a restriction on the free circulation of goods within the internal market. This is due to the fact that imported products would have to comply with Denmarkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product marketing provisions in order for them to enter the Danish market. However, as characterised by Niamh Nic Shuibhne, justifications to the restrictions of free movement of goods are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an evolving frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [25] Since environmental issues are of ever-growing societal concern, the CJEU has adapted to this by accepting environmental protection as a justification to MHEE. Taking a synoptic view, it could be argued that the CJEU, in such circumstances, places restrictions on the free movement of goods instead of ensuring it. As abovementioned, there existed an ever-growing tendency of trades calling upon Article 34 as a way of challenging any rules which contravened with their everyday commercial transactions. Such claims may have not even restricted the free movement of goods. Thus, the court considered the re-examination of case law, would be necessary to clarify the law concerning this matter, in order to limit the flow of unnecessary cases. Cases which came after Cassis uncovered a distinction separating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… “indistinctly applicable measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  into two categories. To begin with, there are rules which relate to goods themselves, known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dual burdenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  rules. [26] The second set of rules, are concerned with the marketing of products. These are called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equal burdenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  rules. This because they impose the same burden (equal) on national and imported goods. This was articulated in the case Keck and Mithouard. In this case, Keck and Mithouard were prosecuted for breaking French competition law due to the fact that they were reselling goods at a loss. They had tried to use Article 34 as a defence, stating that this restricted the free movement of goods. However, the CJEU recognised that French legislation had restricted the total volume of sales. It added by stating that national efforts to prevent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“selling arrangementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  do not fall within the Dassonville formula for MHEE, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“provide d that those provisions apply to all affected traders operating within the national territory and provided that they affect in the same manner, in law and in fact, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[27] Provisions like these do not hinder market access for imports any more than they do for nationally produced goods, thus they fall outside of the scope of Article 34. However, even though they do not hinder market access to imports, it could be argued that this acts as an indirect discrimination on imports. This is due to the fact that national rules imposing a hypothetical, equal burden on imports and exports, nevertheless have a differential impact on each of them. Thus, creating uncertainty in the law. This was articulated by Advocate General Jacobs, where he stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the effect of the Keck judgement is still uncertain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [28] Consequently, it can be construed that the CJEU justifies the discriminatory restrictions to the free movement of goods, thus, not ensuring the free movement of goods. On the other hand, it must be acknowledged that Keck only applies to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“selling arrangementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  such as, the opening hours of shops, [29]the types of retail stores that can sell certain types of goods, [30] as well as product advertising[31] but not to product characteristics. However, as aforementioned Keck specifies that a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“selling arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  will only be able to escape Article 34 if it applies to all traders that are affected in the nation. Thus, it could be argued that the EU, even though, it provides exceptions to the enforcement of Article 34, it places further restrictions on those exceptions, ensuring the free movement of goods. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it can be deduced that the EU does what it can in order to ensure the free movement of goods, whether it be through the passing of EU legislation, or through the jurispr udence of the CJEU. In 2013 intra-community trade was much higher than the level of exports to non-EU members.[32] This, gives the impression that a free circulation of goods is ensured within the internal market. On the other hand, cases concerning MS restricting the free movement of goods are still rising, giving the impression that a unified market still faces many obstacles. However the CJEU in coordination with EU legislation will overturn the situation and penalize those in breach of an EU fundamental principle, thus ensuring the free movement of goods. BIBLIOGRAPHY Connor T, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Accentuating the Positive: The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Selling Arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , The First Decade, and Beyondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2005) 54 International Comparative Law Quarterly 127 European Commission, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Free Movement of Goods Guide to the Application of Treaty Provisions Governing the Free Movement of Goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2010] Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ , Free Trade Is a Source of Economic Growth (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2013) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Eurostat- Statistics Explainedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Eurostat) https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/International_trade_in_goods#Intra-EU_trade Foster N, EU Law Directions (Oxford University Press 2012) Nic Shuibhne N, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Free Movement of Goods and Article 28 ECÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯: An Evolving Frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) 27 European Law Review 408 Weatherill S, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2009) 58 International Comparative Law Quarterly 985 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Westlaw UK Online Legal Research from Sweet Maxwellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Westlaw UK) https://legalresearch.westlaw.co.uk/ [1] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 26(2) [2] Nigel Foster, EU Law Directions (Oxford University Press 2012) 264. [3] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 30 [4] Case 7/68 Commission v Italy (Art Treasures) ECR 423 [5] Case 2-3/62 Commission v Luxembourg Belgium (Gingerbread) [1963] C.M.L.R. 199; [1962] 8 Recueil 813. [6] Case 24/68 Commission v Italy (Statistical Levy) [1969] ECR 193 [7] European Commission, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Free Movement of Goods Guide to the Application of Treaty Provisions Governing the Free Movement of Goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2010] Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 11. [8] Case 87/75 Bresciani [1976] ECR 129 [9] Case 57/65 Alfons LÃÆ' ¼tticke GmbH v Hauptzollamt Sarrelouis [1966] ECR 205 [10] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 110 [11] C ase 90/79 Commission v France (Reprographic Machines) [1981] ECR 283 [12] Case 112/84 Humbolt v Directeur des Services Fiscaux [1985] ECR 1367 [13] Case 74/76 Ianelli and Volpi SpA v Meroni [1977] ECR 557 [14] Case 249/81 Commission v Ireland (Buy Irish) [1982] ECR 4005 [15] Case 2/73 Geddo v Ente Nazionale Risi [1974] ECR 865 [16] Case 8/74 Procureur du Roi v Dassonville [1974] ECR 837 [17] Tim Connor, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Accentuating the Positive: The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Selling Arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , The First Decade, and Beyondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2005) 54 International Comparative Law Quarterly 127, 3. [18] European Commission (n 5) 12. [19] Commission Directive 1970/50/EEC 22 December 1969 based on the provisions of Article 33 (7), on the abolition of measures which have an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions on imports and are not covered by other provisions adopted in pursuance of the EEC Treaty[1970] OJ L13/29 [20] Case 120/78 Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonpolverwaltung fur Brantwein (Cassis de Dijon) [1979] ECR 649 [21] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 36 [22] ibid [23] Case 120/78 Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonpolverwaltung fur Brantwein (Cassis de Dijon) [1979] ECR 649 [24] Case 302/86 Commission v Denmark (Disposable Beer Cans) [1988] ECR 4607 [25] Niamh Nic Shuibhne, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Free Movement of Goods and Article 28 ECÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯: An Evolving Frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) 27 European Law Review 408, 9. [26] Case 261/81 Walter Rau Lebensmittelwerke v De Smedt PVBA (Margarine) [1982] ECR 3961 [27] Cases 267-268/91 Keck and Mithuard [1993] ECR 6097 [28] Case 412/93 SociÃÆ' ©tÃÆ' © dImportation Edouard Leclerc-Siplec v TF1 PublicitÃÆ' © SA and M6 PublicitÃÆ' © SA [1995] ECR 179 [29] Cases 401-402/92 Tankstation t Heukske vof and J. B. E. Boermans [1994] ECR 2199 [30] Case 391/92 Commission v Greece [1995] ECR 1621 [31] Cases 34-36/95 Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v De Agostini (Svenska) FÃÆ' ¶rlag AB [1997] ECR 3843 [32] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Eurostat- Statistics Explainedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Eurostat) https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/International_trade_in_goods#Intra-EU_trade.

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<h1>Writing a College Essay About Your Favorite Subject</h1><p>Reading on about how to compose a school exposition about your preferred subject is a great deal like perusing a guidance manual. You have perused the headings, and you get them. That is the reason you need to tail them, and you are getting fretful trusting that the errand will be done. Fortunately, composing a school exposition isn't so difficult, and in the event that you are an understudy with a little persistence, there are a couple of tips that can assist you with composing a paper in a short time.</p><p></p><p>First of all, you should realize that probably the most ideal approaches to figure out how to compose a school article about your preferred subject is to take some school classes regarding the matter you need to expound on. There are different ways you can approach this. The most ideal path is to discover somebody who shows English as a Second Language, and inquire as to whether you can visit their class. Regardless of whether they don't let you plunk down in their group, it may give you a smart thought of how it works.</p><p></p><p>A second thing you ought to do to figure out how to compose a school paper about your preferred subject is to discover what kind of keeping in touch with you need to do. There are a wide range of sorts of expositions, you can compose, for example, a Research Essay, Evaluation Essay, Literary Essay, and Narrative Essay. There are a ton of spots where you can discover books, online sources, magazines, and courses that show you how to compose these various kinds of essays.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to taking a gander at these sorts of books and assets, you can likewise take a gander at your school's composing course or the library to perceive what sorts of articles they offer. These courses are typically free, and you can take them so as to figure out how to compose various sorts of essays.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to the books and assets, you can likewise investigate various kinds of courses that you can take to figure out how to compose various kinds of articles. Something that you have to do is to converse with your educators to check whether they offer a unique class on composing papers. As a rule, these classes incorporate showing you how to compose a school paper about your most loved subject.</p><p></p><p>If you are keen on showing yourself how to compose school expositions, the best spot to begin is by finding the assets that you need and afterward figuring out how to utilize those assets to respond to the correct inquiries. You can pose inquiries on discussions, or on your school's staff and you will most likely get the privilege answers.</p><p></p><p>Another thing that you can do to figure out how to compose a school paper about your preferred subject is to look into yo ur subject and find out pretty much all the various sorts of expositions you can compose. Additionally, get a tutor. A decent tutor can help you a ton in figuring out how to compose a school paper about your most loved subject.</p>

Sample Essay For Someone to Edit - Rewrite This Essay

<h1>Sample Essay For Someone to Edit - Rewrite This Essay</h1><p>If you are in school and are contemplating composing an example article for somebody to alter, there are a couple of things that you should know. These are vital to your composing achievement. The more you know, the better you will do. With regards to composing a decent article, the more individuals you get included, the better your composing will be.</p><p></p><p>While a few people are consequently skilled with regards to composing papers, the majority of us take help from books or the composed word. So why not offer to compose somebody a paper for them to alter? Composing an example article for somebody to alter can be an economical method to help improve your composing abilities. Let's be honest, if your composing abilities are awful, you won't prevail as a writer.</p><p></p><p>There are heaps of individuals out there who can assist you with composing your articles. Maybe you will just need to speak with a couple of individuals. You could give an example paper to them to assist them with improving their composing abilities. In any event, they will have a thought of what's in store from your essay.</p><p></p><p>Maybe you have an exceptional needs kid or youthful grown-up in your life. A portion of your family members have a lot of youngsters who need dealing with. By giving them an example article for somebody to alter, they will realize what's in store from your work.</p><p></p><p>To assist them with composing their papers, you can utilize normal family issues as models. Possibly your parent experiences a great deal of difficulty in bed. Give them an example exposition to assist them with working through these issues. You can likewise utilize most loved kids' accounts or motion pictures as examples.</p><p></p><p>The more examples you give, the more you will f ind out about composing a paper. By doing this, you will have the option to make the most of this important open door for improving your aptitudes. Who knows, you may even be employed to do a full-time composing work for the professor.</p><p></p><p>The key to composing a decent exposition is to be unique. Your activity as an essayist is to talk from your heart. Try not to duplicate another person's work. In any case, in the event that you want to include something, at that point do what needs to be done such that bodes well. Try not to be hesitant to have a go at something new to show signs of improvement grade.</p><p></p><p>If you don't have the opportunity to compose an exposition yourself, at that point you ought to consider having another person compose it for you. The better article your companion composes, the more probable they are to turn into a specialist in the territory of paper composing. You can rely on it. An example arti cle for somebody to alter can be a dynamite device for improving your composing skills.</p>

Essay Topics - Focus on Details to Write Your Jane Eyre Essay Topic

<h1>Essay Topics - Focus on Details to Write Your Jane Eyre Essay Topic</h1><p>When you are prepared to compose your Jane Eyre paper themes, you will need to go with subjects that coordinate what you need to accomplish. By beginning with a 'pre-set' rundown of subjects, you will have the option to turn your exposition around various times.</p><p></p><p>Next, it is imperative to comprehend the way that both the character of Lizzy and Greg are as it identifies with study corridor. This can be spoken to as a layout of the book that you will compose. This will be utilized to manage your musings, and furthermore to come to the heart of the matter of composing your first draft.</p><p></p><p>When thinking about subjects, start by thinking about whether you are composing a book or an investigation lobby. On the off chance that you are composing a book, the exposition subjects you pick will follow the structure of the book. Thi s incorporates at any rate an outline of the book just as the fundamental characters and what's going on in the book. This is with the goal that you can precisely speak to the plot and what is befalling the characters in the book.</p><p></p><p>For occasion, in the event that you are composing an examination corridor, at that point the entirety of the fundamental characters will be incorporated. In your examination lobby exposition points, you ought to incorporate each character that is referenced in the book. You will be guided by the occasions that occur in the investigation corridor. You will perceive how things start to change, and you will have the option to encounter the developing feeling of fervor that happens as you come to comprehend the genuine idea of the investigation hall.</p><p></p><p>Next, you ought to characterize the significant occasions that happen in the book. It is critical to begin this out right from the earliest starting point with the goal that you can fuse them all through your article. It is likewise essential to draw matches between them with the goal that the exposition subjects can interface together. This will likewise assist the peruser with bettering comprehend the components of the book that they are perusing. The primary characters, obviously, will be the ones to draw matches with.</p><p></p><p>Another point to consider when composing your exposition subjects is that you ought to likewise consider the way that every one of the characters is spoken to somehow. It is additionally critical to utilize an alternate word to speak to each character in your paper. This will assist with making them simple to separate and allude to in your paper. Likewise, you ought to have the option to show the peruser what isolates each character with the goal that they can make the most of your paper as much as possible.</p><p></p><p>For example, you can utilize the two things and action words for every one of the characters in your exposition points. In the event that a character is depicted as, 'a competitor,' you can without much of a stretch utilize the modifier 'athletic' for them. You can utilize the action word 'to be athletic' in a sentence for another character. Every one of these various subtleties will assist with managing your composition, and help to make the book that you are dreaming about.</p>

Space Odyssey Essay Topics - Space Science and Technology

<h1>Space Odyssey Essay Topics - Space Science and Technology</h1><p>You have most likely heard the term article composing previously yet on the off chance that you are new to it, you might be thinking about what do they have to do with composing for space. Is it accurate to say that you are pondering about space? What might be a space Odyssey article topic?</p><p></p><p>Space is a well known subject, there are various subjects inside the space business that individuals frequently explore and compose on. One of the more well known subjects among the space travelers is cosmology. Space science is an intriguing subject in light of the fact that as well as can be expected gain from the stars is the means by which the universe works. It is a science that has changed man's point of view regarding understanding the idea of room and what it intends to our society.</p><p></p><p>Astrophysics is another well known territory wher ein individuals expound on the puzzles of room. The researcher that could offer the best responses to these inquiries would be the person who proceeded to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. You can likewise find in this field other than space science; the developing fame of cosmology, the disclosure of atomic parting, new information and the proceeding with endeavors to discover extraterrestrial life. This is an intriguing and elegantly composed theme for a space Odyssey exposition topic.</p><p></p><p>Astronomy and space are by all account not the only science points. Another notable science point is innovation. This could incorporate anything from rockets to rockets to satellites to unmanned flying vehicles. There are additionally new advances being built up each day. Indeed, even PC projects and sites are the subject of a space Odyssey paper topic.</p><p></p><p>Just as soothsaying is a vocation arranged points, there are numerous other profession situated themes also. This incorporates ideas, for example, business, the executives, administration, and enterprise. There are additionally increasingly specialized subjects, for example, satellite innovation and the study of materials in space. There are numerous different subjects inside the building and logical teaches also. Business and the executives are only a couple of different subjects that might be considered for a space Odyssey paper topic.</p><p></p><p>Each year, it appears as though there is some sort of new creation that makes the earth and the space investigation increasingly logical and progressively innovative. New applications are continually being utilized for space innovation and in zones, for example, space mining and satellite TV. A space Odyssey paper point can be an awesome method to utilize these new advancements to have an effect with the eventual fate of room. You might have the option to add to what is as of now being f inished with these astounding new advancements by investigating and expounding on them.</p><p></p><p>Many individuals need to play a part later on for space investigation, so do they expound on it or do they kick back and trust that the specialists will deal with it? Everything relies upon what you figure the fate of room investigation will be. In the event that you are searching for something to expound on, there are a few points that are accessible for you to explore. Compose what intrigues you and put it to paper.</p>

In The Orchard Essay examples - 1238 Words

An Interpretation of â€Å"In the Orchard† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;For any educator that is searching for a poem to arouse the interest of students enlisted in upper level literature classes, the poem â€Å"In the Orchard† by Muriel Stuart, written in the early twentieth century, conveys the ageless theme of unrequited love. The poem has all the elements of making students understand how far back the feeling of unrequited love has been around. We can understand these elements better through the rhetorical strategies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A rhetorical strategy that this poem has is dialogue. The whole poem contains dialogue between the boy and girl who plan to meet each other in the orchard to be alone.†¦show more content†¦The girl says, â€Å"I thought you loved me.† The boy answers her by saying, â€Å"No, it was only fun.† She tries to find someway to see this boy again. Maybe she wants to see him again to find out if he does have feeling for her. When they are getting ready to part ways she quickly tries to find something to say to him to see if she will get any reaction of any kind of feeling from him. She half asks, half states that she will see him at the dance next week: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Yes, it’s late. There’s thunder about, a drop of rain nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fell on my hand in the dark. I’ll see you again nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the dance next week. You’re sure that everything’s right? The boy simply replies that he will see her there. They then go their separate ways. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Good news and bad news is another rhetorical strategy used throughout the entire poem. The poem starts out with bad news. The girl first realizes that the boy may not have the same feelings that she has: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"I loved you. I thought you knew nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I wouldn’t have danced like that with any but you.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"I didn’t know.Show MoreRelatedThe Cherry Orchard2124 Words   |  9 PagesThe Cherry Orchard: Critical Analysis The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov is about a Russian family that is unable to prevent its beloved estate from being sold in an auction due to financial problems. The play has been dubbed a tragedy by many of its latter producers. However, Chekhov labeled his play a farce, or more of a comedy. Although this play has a very tragic backdrop of Russia#8217;s casualty-ridden involvement in both World Wars and the Communist Revolution, the characters andRead MoreTheme Of The Cherry Orchard And The Cherry Orchard748 Words   |  3 Pagesrelationships, wars, and art to try to gain some kind of small understanding of time. This is especially true in the Winter’s Tale by William Shakespeare and The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekov. In the Winter’s Tale, Time is personified as jaunty, powerful narrator whilst Chekov’s the Cherry Orchard utilizes the symbolism of the cherry orchard itself and the character Fiers to signify time as an inevitable force that changes socie ties, families, nature, and individuals. The diverse attitudes towards timeRead MoreThe Lemon Orchard1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lemon Orchard character analysis The Lemon Orchard by La Guma expresses the clashes of the characters personalities throughout the short story. The main characters that are shown within the story are the African man, the leader, the man who was carrying the lantern, and two other men that followed. The leader of the group is presented to be the most dominant compared to the other men. He was a big man and wore khaki trousers and laced-up riding boots, and an old shooting jacket with leatherRead MoreStreetcar and Orchard1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves to the events, but, this does not mean that these actions are ineffective or unimportant. In fact, it is just the opposite. ‘The Cherry Orchard’ by Anton Chekhov and ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams are two plays in which the main actions occur offstage, but the impact on the audience created by them is immense. In ‘The Cherry Orchard’, the offstage actions include Madame Ranevsky’s past where she lost her husband and her son drowned as a child. Madame Ranevsky is of an upperRead MoreCherry Orchard Analysis1685 Words   |  7 Pagesobject, place, or memory. In The Cherry Orchard, by Anton Chekov, Madame Ranevsky owns an estate with a cherry orchard. However, foll owing the death of her son and husband, she fled to Paris and abandoned the orchard for over five years. Eventually, she found her way back to the estate, but with a major problem; she cannot afford the mortgage and is at great risk of losing the estate for good. She is racing against the clock to find a solution to keep the orchard. By having Lopakhin be a character foilRead More The Cherry Orchard Essay852 Words   |  4 Pages The Cherry Orchard The Misunderstood Comedy When the first production of The Cherry Orchard was performed on stage in Moscow, there was a significant difference of opinion between the author and directors. Chekhov strongly faulted the directors interpretation that the play should be preformed as a tragedy and insisted that what he had written was a comedy. The famous philosopher Aristotle defined a comedy as quot;an imitation of characters of a lower type who are not bad in Read MoreThe Cherry Orchard Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesusing language that is poetic, the language used in modernist literature is explicit. Anton Chekhov’s â€Å"The Cherry Orchard† is an example of Modern literature because it tosses aside traditional structures and theatrical conventions. The play’s four act structure and the symbolism of the setting both exemplify examples of modernism in literature. The four act structure of â€Å"The Cherry Orchard† is an example of modernism because it rejects the traditional five act structure used in romanticism. ChekhovRead MoreThe Day Of A Peach Orchard2192 Words   |  9 Pagesnumbers were showing the combination 1-8-6-3, I pressed another button. Suddenly, the color white flashed all around me, blinding me for several seconds. I fell down onto the ground, dirt. I looked around, panicked, I was in the middle of a peach orchard. A tall, thin man started walking towards me, he was in a blue uniform. Should I run, confront him? â€Å"Ms. What are you doing out here? You should be moving, a battle’s bout to start around here.† the man said in a loud, booming voice. â€Å"Um, who areRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard By Anton Chekhov903 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Cherry Orchard† is a drama which contains a hint of comedy that originates from the country of Russia, by way of the author Anton Chekhov. The drama is centered around Russia’s popular form of slavery, which is the acquisition of a serf. Contrary to theatrical or modern conceptions of slavery, the contract between a serf and their owner could be dismissed on the grounds of buying your freedom. In correspondence with the history of Russia, Chekhov expands on the meaning of freedom by interpretingRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard By Anton Chekov1101 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Cherry Orchard,† a play written by Anton Chekov, describes changing times for the aristocracy in Russia in the late 19th Century. Chekov describe the changing times from the perspective of a wealthy family forced to sell their beloved cherry orchard. â€Å"The Cherry Orchard† serves as a exa mple for the exchange of power between the old Russia and the new Russia. Chekov’s main character in the play, Madame Ranevsky, is a complicated woman that has no capacity to deal with the changing society that

Four Ways of Writing an Introduction Essay

<h1>Four Ways of Writing an Introduction Essay</h1><p>The four different ways of composing an acquaintance exposition are simple with use. You don't need to compose it like a novel, and you don't need to compose it in a straight forward style either.</p><p></p><p>At first look, your article may appear to be difficult to peruse. The subjects are dark to the point that even a normal individual can't fold their head over them. Nonetheless, when you stop and consider it, interestingly, you comprehend what you're getting into.</p><p></p><p>Introduction papers are composed by individuals who don't have the experience or foundation to completely comprehend the point being introduced to them. Along these lines, when you start to peruse the composition you ought to solicit yourself what your level from training is, and how well you can comprehend the data being introduced to you.</p><p></p><p>Your first method of composing an acquaintance article is with characterize the subject and the individuals it relates to. Start by posting a couple of individuals you may be referencing in your paper. In case you're composing a report about your activity, for instance, you may expound on your chief, your colleagues, or a portion of your clients. Ensure that you give a presentation of every individual so as to pick up their attention.</p><p></p><p>Next, you will need to present yourself in the paper. Be mindful so as to recollect this is a work of fiction and that individuals who read the article you've composed will have the option to see your composing style and your style of correspondence. So make certain to be clear about what your identity is and what you're attempting to say.</p><p></p><p>Your subsequent stage is to expound on what you're expounding on in the sections. This is the place you can be as verbose as you need. For a model, in ca se you're expounding on the historical backdrop of a specific café, expound on how the area got well known and about how individuals were roused to visit that area as a result of the food or different parts of the earth. In any case, it's commonly a smart thought to confine your clear composition to the primary section and the presentation paragraph.</p><p></p><p>The last method of composing an acquaintance exposition is with write in short passages. There's no set in stone manner to compose a short presentation. Simply make certain to be clear about the significance of the primary passage and the remainder of the piece.</p><p></p><p>Each of these strategies has its motivation and ought to be utilized relying upon the subject of the exposition. Recollect that your motivation recorded as a hard copy the exposition is to draw in the peruser and increment their enthusiasm for your article.</p>

Details of Essay Topic Ideas with Samples

<h1> Details of Essay Topic Ideas with Samples </h1> <p>There are a few things you're ready to expound on! First of all, you should realize that the perfect theme might be an occasion from your life. An expressive exposition requires the artistic creation of a striking picture for perusers reliant on the individual and explicit characteristics of the subject issue. An incredible research paper is like a superb painting, phrases like the hues must be joined in an extravagant manner. </p> <h2> Type of Essay Topic Ideas with Samples</h2> <p>The precarious thing about the story paper is there are in every case a few cutoff points to the entirety of substance you may flexibly your perusers with. Another smart thought is to each some totally free exposition instances of various types and on list subjects to each an examples thought of the manner by which a prosperous easy to refute paper looks. Since the substance of stories article can differ when it has to do with novel organizations, we've set out to flexibly you with models in the occasion you face an issue. In this way, on the off chance that you can't pick a captivating point for your appropriation paper, you may google and pick a fascinating statement to transform into the establishment for the composition. </p> <p>Part II is a test to set up how well you may utilize worked language to explain your thoughts. Remember a point can help decide the aftereffect of an account. </p> <p>Such approach consistently pays off in light of the fact that it offers you an unmistakable knowledge into the act of exposition composing that is aimed at accomplishing phenomenal results. The absolute initial step is the place a great deal of understudies become stuck. Most presumably, you truly feel simply like you care about the issue I mean to cover now, and I've convinced you to gain proficiency with the basics of composing a powerful exposition as it's basic for s ubjects school and school vocation. Truly, as often as possible you can settle on any point you appreciate and, for example, expound on your future desires and vocation goals. </p> <h2>The 30-Second Trick for Essay Topic Ideas with Samples </h2> <p>The part of a clear title, by and large, is to quickly portray the points for the story article you're chipping away at. At that point recognize what kind of paper you need create. In the event that you understand that you are adhered concerning composing an exposition, demand someone's help to help you continue through composing a paper. The amazing story article requests enough second. </p> <p>You may basically talk about anything thus long as your can persuade your peruser, at that point you've composed a flourishing powerful exposition. You should simply to convince your crowd and permit them to realize that you're not kidding with respect to the subject. In case you're searching for top article composing organizations, give a shot the referenced previously. There are various article composing administrations that believe they're the absolute best, and along these lines don't be cheated and check the authentic rundown of the very best.</p> <p>Therefore, beneath are some fundamental suggestions to help you recorded as a hard copy of good unmistakable paper. There's no compelling reason to find exceptional stories to form a story article that is fascinating to peruse. Since you may see, there's an entire rich determination of subjects for composing an account article that could differ enormously. At the point when it respects story article themes, there are numerous things you should take into consideration.</p> <h2> Essay Topic Ideas with Samples </h2> <p>Writing a paper for the scholarly piece of the GED (General Education Development) test should be simple, as it's actually similar to composing another sort of exposition for your group. Composing spellbinding paper understudies should be progressively close to home and utilize their creative mind to the total degree. When plunking down to work to create an article, it's extremely critical to get a framework. Composing abilities in school isn't confined to papers. </p> <h2> A Secret Weapon for Essay Topic Ideas with Samples</h2> <p>A account article is lenient as far as choosing the theme. Profound quality Essay Topics Morality is a point that is precious to heaps of people. Picking the subject of your exposition offers you a bit of leeway in the inclination that you can expound on something you're energetic goal-oriented. Picking the subject of your account paper is among the most essential measures recorded as a hard copy this kind of task. </p> <p>Bear as a main priority that you're NOT composing your conclusion regarding the matter. It's extremely difficult to pick only 1 theme at whatever point there are such a large number of you could expound on. You probably won't have the option to stick point the particular theme that you will talk about, yet visit composing can improve your capacities. </p>

The Current Public Education System - 1090 Words

Better Schooling The current public education system claims to have the student’s best interest as a top priority, but in reality, it is actually harming the students. Almost all are short-changed the way education is set up now. Boys and girls learn in different ways. They are not different merely because of how they are treated in society, but because of how their brains function. However, when teachers try to teach different genders at the same time, the majority of the time, it just will not work. Badly needed are teachers that understand the differences between, and how to teach, boys and girls. Coed schools hurt more than they help, not allowing children to reach their potential. Single-sex schooling is more beneficial to the student’s learning. Many claim that by separating young girls and boys, gender stereotypes are being enforced. In 2013, UCLA put together findings of pros and cons to single-sex education. Among the downsides, a common fear was that this undermines gender equality. The thought is, because girls and boys are in different schools, this means one can’t do what the other can. Generally, this means girls can’t be as competitive, or independent, and boys can’t be as caring, or artistic. These stereotypes are in the current society, men holding higher paying jobs, and women being mothers or teachers, the more nurturing jobs. But, today’s men and women who fall into this common stereotype have grown up to become how they are through coeducation. A newShow MoreRelatedThe Education System Of The American School System961 Words   |  4 Pagespractices, the U.S., once the biggest global force in education, has seen its dominance slowly slip out, and its educational status fall even low er than that of several third-world countries. The decline experienced in American school system academic achievement is not as a result of lack of funding, but as a consequence of the overall educational system watering down. According to Gatto, educating children through the existing public school system of America is crippling rather than helping them. FromRead MoreThe School System Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pagespractices, the U.S., once the biggest global force in education, has seen its dominance slowly slip out, and its educational status fall even lower than that of several third-world countries. The decline experienced in American school system academic achievement is not as a result of lack of funding, but as a consequence of the overall educational system watering down. According to Gatto, educating children through the existing public school system of America is crippling rather than helping them. FromRead MoreThe State Of The Texas Education System1245 Wo rds   |  5 Pageslegislators and courts have played in the Texas Education System is sadly poor. Citizens have been concerned about the education of our young people for many years, â€Å"failure to establish any public system of education, although possession of almost boundless resources,† Public education has gotten a myriad of policy changes, amendments, revisions, and laws altered to meet the needs of Texas students. How has the Texas education system replaced? Public education in the Texas has played a major role in shapingRead More So Rich, So Poor by Peter Edelman Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor factors have influenced current trends: (1) changes in the American economy, specifically outsourcing of jobs, (2) the increase in the single-parent households, and (3) race and gender issues (xvii). Central themes that Edelman describes at length are the purported failure of the economy to help those most in need and the negative effects of the increase in the number of single-parent households (32). While I agree with Edelman that these factors have influenced current trends in poverty, I argueRead MoreHow the Houson Chronicle Forces Readers to Think About the Educational Agenda in Texas 716 Words   |  3 PagesIt is common knowledge that the education system in America needs work and that Texas is not exempt from this need. The Houston Chronicle has published numerous articles on the subject that address both the need for change and show what Houston has done to grow. As The Houston Chronicle releases its media agenda it is not forcing its readers to think a certain way but instead is presenting an issue in order to spark opinion forming thoughts. The articles all share a common thread of attributes thatRead MoreThe Future Of The American Public School System1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe school system must be restructured. The future of the American public school system is significant because the maintenance of an informed and productive citizenry is vital to the future of this country. Historically Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracy and despite growing disdain for the perceived value of the school system, public schools remain central to democracy in the United States. For more than a century, America s public schools haveRead MoreEssay about Vouchers and School Choice - Vouchers are Not the Solution1296 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Vouchers: Not the Solution       As standardized test scores continue to plummet and our nation falls farther behind such industrial rivals as Germany, England, Australia and Japan in comparable education, parents are questioning the current system of education. After being kicked around the national agenda for decades, the school voucher issue is finally being emphasized in several state legislatures, as well as in Congress. In the website titled Vouchers: No, but...Taxpayer Help toRead MorePerception Of Public Health Professionals834 Words   |  4 Pagesof this week’s discussion is the perception of public health professionals in their communities today, are they considered change agents in their communities? In my opinion, the public health professionals should be viewed as agents that propagate changes in their communities. Undoubtedly, the history of the American Public Health Care System coupled with the world health Organization’s history of the public health depicts the dedication of many public health professionals to the health of their communitiesRead MoreBilingual Education in Nigeria Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesBilingual education and its effectiveness have been a considerable issue in countries regardless of their level of social and economical development and the aim of its implementation that can be either the multinational structure of society or the colonial background. However, a type, of system implemented, varies according to the government policy and public attitude towards bilingual education (MoÄ inić, 2011, 176). The aim of this paper is to examine the current system of bilingual education in NigeriaRead MoreInternational Comparison As An Effective P ublic Policy Tool1098 Words   |  5 Pageseffective public policy tool: Significance of using comparative methodology in Higher Education The world undeniably becomes â€Å"smaller† and â€Å"tighter† due to the prosperity of technology and economics, by population movement, information exchange, as well as physical and virtual good trade-offs. In order to be successful when facing the opportunities and challenges in the global and informational age, it is not only helpful but even necessary to use international comparison as an effective public policy

Social Networks in Business-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and disadvantages of using social networks in Business. Answer: Introduction This research project has been conducted on the topic Advantages and disadvantages of using social networks in business in which different aspects related to social network and its impact on business has been discussed. Businesses are using social networking for enhancing their performance and interacting with the customers in a better manner. Summary of the literature review will be provided for highlighting the key aspects discussed. Different methods and techniques will be discussed in this research program which will be used for the collection of quality and reliable data. The research process will be prepared so as to guide the execution of the research program in an effective manner. Figure 1: Social networking Source: (Advisor, 2017) Project objective Every activity is carried out with a motive which must be achieved from the execution of the activity. Different advantages and disadvantages are associated with the use of social networking platforms for business. These aspects will be covered under this research program. Information will be gathered with the help of different articles and journals available over the internet. Information collected will form the basis for the reliability of this research Project scope Use of social network is increasing due to which companies are getting attracted towards these platforms. This research program will discuss the various advantages and disadvantages of using the social network for business. Role of social networks and advantages and disadvantages of using these platforms will be discussed under this research. The comparison will be made between the positive and negative impacts of social networking platforms for analyzing the impact of the social network on business Literature review Social networks are those platforms which are being used for interacting with a large number of people and establishing a social relationship with them. There has been a rise in the number of companies using the social network for enhancing the performance of the business. The social network is playing a vital role in shaping the performance of the business. Need for increasing interaction between the customers and business is increasing due to various reasons (Shafigullina Palyakin, 2016). These reasons include an increase in the competition, change in the expectations and demand of the customers, increasing need of using innovative marketing strategies, attracting a large number of people towards the products or services offered by the business and establishing a healthy relationship with the customers or potential customers of the business. Different views have been presented by different authors for the use of the social network for business (Fita, 2012). In the words of Vahl (2014), use of social networking has enhanced the effectiveness of business. Social networking platforms have the power to connect with a large number of people as well as reduces the cost involved in the marketing function of the business. The communication process between the business and customers or potential customers also increases with the use of social networking platforms. Social networking platforms are being used as a promotional tool which has provided a competitive advantage to the business. On the other hand, Oyza Edwin (2015), there are few negative aspects of social network which are creating an adverse impact on the performance of the business. The social network may negatively affect the reputation of the business as a social network are open and people are free to comment on the information shared by the business. Communication is an important aspect and business is focusing on enhancing the communication with the customers of the business. Social networking platforms provide an opportunity to the business for promoting the products or services with making fewer efforts in less time. Social networking platforms are also being considered by the businesses as these have enhanced the satisfaction level among the customers and helps in developing loyalty among the customers. It has resulted in the enhanced customer base of the business. Changes are taking place in the business environment and social network has helped in promoting the business and coping with the increasing competition due to the dynamic business environment (Si, 2016). On the contrary, Traditional methods are also used by business for the promotion of the products or services of the business. Traditional methods help in communicating with the different sections of the society who are not using social networking platforms (Siricha roen, 2012). Research questions and hypotheses Research questions Research questions for this research program are listed below: What is the role of social networking for businesses in this dynamic business environment? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using social networking to business? What aspects need to be considered while selecting social networking platforms as a marketing tool for business? Hypotheses The social network has changed the manner in which marketing functions of the business were carried out. Social networking has affected the reputation of the business adversely. Research Design and Methodology Research methodologies are the sum of different methods or techniques which a researcher applies for gathering the required information from the different sources available. For the execution of this research program, different methods have been put to use. These methods or techniques are discussed below: Research methods: There are various research methods available which can be used for collecting information for the research depending on the requirement of the research. For the collection of the data for this research, the qualitative method has been adopted for the collection of the data related to the research topic (Smith, 2015). Qualitative method has been applied for collecting information related to the advantages and disadvantages of social network for business. Qualitative method can be explained as an approach used for collecting quality data which helps in maintaining the quality of the research (Quick Hall, 2015). Research approaches: qualitative and quantitative approaches have been selected for the collection of data related to the research topic. The qualitative approach helps in collecting the data by developing knowledge of the reasons, opinions, and aspects which are hidden behind the topic of the research (Crossman, 2017). Primary and secondary sources have been used in this research program for collecting quality information related to the research topic. Information has been collected from the articles, journals and research work of other authors available over the internet. These sources have helped in maintaining the quality of the research and developing knowledge of the aspects related to research topic (Nirmala, 2013). Data collection: Data collection is done with a motive to collect relevant information for the research so as to execute the program in a better manner. For collecting data related to this research program, primary and secondary sources of data collection have been used. The motive behind a collection of a combination of these sources is to develop a proper understanding of the aspects of the research topic. Primary sources are those raw form of information which is collected by the researcher directly from the respondent. This source of data collection provides current information (Thomas, 2015). The questionnaire has been prepared and it will be presented to the employees of organizations which are using social networking platforms. The interview will be conducted by the employees of the management department of the companies using social networking as a marketing tool. Secondary sources are used as these sources are more reliable than primary sources (Turkenburg McAuley, 2013). T his reliability is due to the reason that secondary source of data is already collected and used by others for their works. This aspect enhances the reliability and authenticity of the data. Journals, articles and other internet sources have been used for collecting secondary source of data (Johnston, 2014). Sampling size and Techniques: data gets collected in large quantity and analysis of this large quantity data in limited time span acts as a challenge. For coping with this challenge, random sampling technique has been selected for the analysis of the collected data. Random sampling technique is an effective technique which provides equal opportunity to every sample of the population of getting selected and analysis is done on the selected samples. This analyzed information forms basis for the conclusion (Nishad Sankar, 2016). Research Strategy: Research program need to be completed well on time for ensuring the effectiveness of the program. For the attainment of this goal, it is vital to conduct the research properly. A systematic approach has been selected for this research will have helped in the execution of every activity of the research in a sequence. This has resulted into covering every aspect without skipping out any important activity. An action plan has been prepared for the identification of the different activities of the research. Targeted market: Targets need to be set from where information related to the research is to be collected. This helps in identification of the sources from where information has to be collected. A combination of primary and secondary sources has been used for this research. For the collection of primary data, the questionnaire will be presented to the employees of the marketing department of companies using social networks and interviews will be conducted. Secondary sources have been collected from the internet and for ensuring the reliability articles, journals and other sources are used which are published after 2008. Choice: Different alternatives are available which can be used for completion of the research program. The selection has been made after analyzing the need or requirement of the research program. Ethical consideration: ethics helps in bifurcating the right and wrong. During the execution of this research program, ethical values and principles have been followed. This is done for ensuring the conduct of the research program within the ethical framework. The focus of this research is on collecting data in a fair manner, presenting the data in a fair manner, maintaining confidentiality and conducting research in an unbiased manner. Research Limitation During the execution of this research program, few issues have acted as a limitation and affected the execution process of the research program. These limitations are mentioned below: The short span of time was available for the execution of this research program. Due to this limited availability of time, random sampling technique has been applied for the analysis of the collected data. Lack of access to the data has also affected the execution process of the research. Lack of resources has also acted as a limitation. Different resources are required for the execution of a research program and non-availability or insufficient availability affects the quality of the research. For maintaining the quality of the research, quality sources have been used. Time Schedule Serial no. Activities Initiation date Duration (days) Completion date Description 1) Selecting research topic 30 August 2017 2 31 August 2017 Selection of the topic will be done 2) Constructing plans for the research 01 September 2017 5 05 September 2017 Plans will be constructed for conducting the research 3) Execution of the constructed plans 06 September 2017 9 14 September 2017 Plans will be executed as per the planning phase. 4) Selection of data collection methods 15 September 2017 3 17 September 2017 Method for data collection will be selected for the execution of research in an effective manner. 5) Collecting data using selected method 18 September 2017 6 23 September 2017 Data will be collected with the help of selected methods. 6) Analysing gathered data 24 September 2017 3 26 September 2017 Data will be analyzed with the help of sampling data. 7) Interpretation of results 27 September 2017 2 28 September 2017 Results will be drawn from the analyzed information. 8) Drawing conclusion and providing recommendations 29 September 2017 1 29 September 2017 The conclusion will be made on the basis of the analyzed and interpreted data and recommendations will be made for future research. Gantt chart Conclusion Thus, it can be summarised from the above discussion that social networking is gaining much importance in this dynamic business environment. Its importance is rising due to a variety of reasons. Different aspects have been discussed in this report which is creating positive as well as negative impact on the performance of the business. This research program has developed an understanding of the different advantages and disadvantages of social media. For the collection of data related to the research topic, different methods and techniques have been put to use. The focus of the research is on a collection of quality data for enhancing the reliability and authenticity of the research program. References Advisor, 2017, How Social Media and Business Communication Can Increase UCC ROI, Advisor. Crossman, A., 2017, An Overview of Qualitative Research Methods, ThoughtCo. Fita, M., 2012, 6 Reasons Why Social Networking is So Popular These Days, Brandiginity. Johnston, M. P., 2014, Secondary Data Analysis: A Method of which the Time Has Come, Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries, pp. 619 626. Nirmala, Y., 2013, Chapter four: research design, Language in India, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 102. Nishad, P.M. Sankar, S., 2016, Efficient random sampling statistical method to improve big data compression ratio and pattern matching techniques for compressed data, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 179. Oyza, I. Edwin, A. M., 2015, Effectiveness of Social Media Networks as a Strategic Tool for Organizational Marketing Management, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Quick, J. Hall, S., 2015, Part three: The quantitative approach, Journal of perioperative practice, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 192 Shafigullina, A. Palyakin, R., 2016, Social Media Marketing as an Effective Instrument of the Promotion of Social Business-Project in Social Entrepreneurial Activity,Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 20, pp.17. Si, S., 2016, Social Media and Its Role in Marketing, Business and Economics Journal. Siricharoen, W. V., 2012, Social Media, How does it Work for Business?, International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 4. Smith, N.L., 2015, Using Action Design Research to Research and Develop Evaluation Practice, New Directions for Evaluation, vol. 2015, no. 148, pp. 57-72. Thomas, J. A., 2015, Using unstructured diaries for primary data collection, Nurse researcher, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 25. Turkenburg, J. P. McAuley, K. E., 2013, Data collection and processing, Acta Crystallographica Section D, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 1193-1194. Vahl, A., 2014, 10 Successful Facebook Marketing Examples, Social Media Examiner.